Sunrise at Angkor Wat by Yellow.Cat
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カンボジアのシンボル アンコールワット
アンコールワットAngkor Watとはサンスクリット語とクメール語で「王都の寺」を意味します。
カンボジア北西部のシェムリアップにあるアンコール遺跡群を代表する歴史文化建築であり、
カンボジアの国の象徴として、内戦後に制定された国旗デザインの中央に描かれています。
Tonle Sap Cambodia Flag by Chuck Moravec
アンコールワットの何がすごいのか?
アンコールワットの特徴は壮大な伽藍と、至るところに施されている精妙な浮き彫りです。
クメール建築の最高傑作とされています。
12世紀前半にスーリヤヴァルマン2世王によって、ヒンドゥー教寺院として建てられました。
完成まで30年以上かかったと言われています。
Angkor Wat aerial view by shankar s.
Cambodia-2265 – Ladies of Ankor Wat by Dennis Jarvis
ちなみに「スーリヤ」とは「太陽」を意味します。
カンボジアの子供の名前にも好んで使われる言葉だそうで、「陽子ちゃん」といったところです。
後に仏教寺院へ変貌
Angkor temple (Angkor Wat, Cambodia 2011) by Paul Arps
15世紀半ばからアンチェン1世が20年弱かけて浮き彫りを追加し、
その孫ソター王によって仏教寺院へと改修されました。
本堂に安置されていたヴィシュヌ神は四体の仏像に置き換えられました。
17世紀前半(江戸時代)の日本の巡礼者が作った地図と壁への墨書が残っており、
当時のアジアを代表する有名な仏教施設の1つとなっていたと思われます。
アンコールワットの修復と破壊
Angkor temple (Angkor Wat, Cambodia 2011) by Paul Arps
19世紀後半、カンボジアはフランス領インドシナの一部となり、
アンコールワットの保存と修復、世界への紹介はフランス人によって行われました。
1972年、カンボジア内戦のためにフランス人はカンボジアから脱出を余儀なくされました。
1979年、政権から追放されたクメール・ルージュはシェムリアップに逃亡してきました。
アンコールワットは周りを堀と城壁に囲まれ、中央に見晴らしの良い塔があるため、
クメール・ルージュの陣地として用いられました。
Angkor Wat – bullet holes by Leonora Enking
アンコールワットやその他の寺院は、宗教を否定する共産主義者クメール・ルージュによって破壊されました。
奉納されていた沢山の仏像は首を落とされ、砕かれて敷石にされたそうです。
内戦当時の砲台跡や弾痕は修復されつつありますが、一部にまだ残っています。
内戦が収束に向かった1992年、アンコール遺跡群はユネスコ世界遺産に登録されました。
その後、日本を含む世界各国の協力によって、修復と周辺の地雷撤去が進められています。
世界中からの観光客と参拝者が集まり、仏教僧が祈りを捧げる宗教の場ともなっています。
アンコールワットの朝日
アンコールワット観光では、寺院の後ろから昇る朝日見物が欠かせないものとなっています。
多くの観光客や参拝者が夜明け前から参道入り口に集い、朝日が現れる瞬間を息を呑んで待ちます。
お天気によって、日々ちがった光景があらわれます。
Sunrise at Angkor Wat by dia_n
神秘的で雄大な光景は、その歴史背景と合わせて眺めると、さらに感慨深いものがあります。
自然や宇宙の力、人間の営み、信仰の心、平和の願いや未来への希望など、
言葉に尽くせない感動を見知らぬ人々と共有できる場所です。
アンコールワットの見どころ詳細については、また別の記事でご紹介します。
カンボジア関連記事
(以下には近日公開のものもあります)
世界遺産アンコールワットの見どころ【1】正門から第一回廊まで
世界遺産アンコールワットの見どころ【2】十字回廊から第三回廊まで
カンボジア旅行のお土産に!ターバン?ストール?時にはエプロンとしても使える伝統のクロマー
OLバックパッカーinカンボジア 〜2泊4日 私の弾丸旅行〜
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